This HPSS Residency Program is designed to provide on-the-job training for junior faculty interested in health policy and systems research, akin to a medical residency program, in order to produce a new cadre of young HPSS researchers with the capacity to conduct independent, policy-relevant and scientifically-rigorous. This program is tailored to answer a set of pre-identified research questions related to county hospital reform and gives priorities to training on applied social science theories and methods. It consists of: 1) three in-person one-week training courses; 2) three 2-3 days long-distance meetings in between the courses; 3) guided research projects conducted by participating institutions.