This CMB-OC three year study is a replication of a 2007 European Union-funded project on the effects of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) policy on utilization of health services and family poverty due to catastrophic medical expenses. It will assess changes in these effects in Fushun County, Sichuan—one of the four counties that participated in the initial study—after the per capita government subsidy increased from 50 RMB to 150 RMB. Using the same instruments as the original study, household surveys will be conducted in same 3,000 households that participated in the initial study and in-depth interviews will be conducted in households where 2010 medical expenditures exceeded 40% of their 2010 disposable incomes.